What Causes High Blood Sugar?

What causes blood sugar to be high? This question may have popped up in your mind at some point, especially if you have diabetes or have a family history of the condition. While most people are aware that sugary and processed foods can increase blood sugar levels, there are other surprising causes that may contribute to high blood sugar. In this blog post, we will delve into the top 10 lesser-known causes of high blood sugar, backed by scientific evidence and statistics, to help you better manage your blood sugar levels and overall health.

The Basics of Blood Sugar 

Blood sugar, also known as glucose, is an essential source of energy for the body. Glucose comes from the food we eat and is transported to the cells via the bloodstream. The level of glucose in the blood is regulated by a complex system involving hormones, enzymes, and various organs in the body, such as the liver and pancreas.

When blood sugar levels are too high, it can be a sign of an underlying health issue. High blood sugar levels are usually caused by the body's inability to produce enough insulin or use insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter the cells and be used for energy.

If insulin production or function is impaired, glucose cannot enter the cells, leading to high blood sugar levels. This can occur in conditions such as type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance.

High glucose levels can cause damage to the body's organs over time, leading to complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage. It is essential to monitor and manage blood sugar levels to maintain optimal health.

The Role of Insulin in Managing Blood Sugar 

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels. When we consume food, our bodies break down carbohydrates into glucose, which enters the bloodstream. As glucose levels rise, the pancreas attempts to bring glucose levels back down to normal by secreting insulin to help transport glucose into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use.

In individuals with high glucose levels, insulin resistance may occur, where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin. This leads to a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream, which can decrease metabolic health and cause damage to organs and tissues throughout the body.

Insulin resistance is often linked to our lifestyle choices, such as a diet high in processed foods and a lack of exercise. Over time, the pancreas may become overworked, leading to a decline in insulin production and further worsening of high glucose levels.

While insulin injections can be an effective way to manage high glucose levels in individuals with type 1 or advanced type 2 diabetes, lifestyle changes such as healthy eating habits and regular exercise can also improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels in those with insulin resistance.

Overall, it is clear that insulin plays a critical role in regulating blood sugar levels and preventing the development of high glucose levels and associated complications. Understanding the causes of high blood sugar and taking steps to manage and prevent it is essential for maintaining optimal health and wellness.

In the next sections of this blog post, we will explore the various factors that can contribute to high blood sugar levels and how to prevent and manage them effectively.

Common causes of high blood sugar, including poor diet and lack of exercise 

When it comes to high blood sugar, the most common culprits are poor diet and lack of exercise. This is because when we consume foods that are high in carbohydrates and sugar, our bodies release insulin to help process and store the glucose. However, if we consume too much sugar and carbs, our bodies become resistant to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise.

In addition to a poor diet, lack of exercise can also contribute to high blood sugar levels. When we exercise, our muscles use glucose for energy, which helps to lower blood sugar levels and power our workouts. The beneficial effects of exercise, like improved insulin sensitivity and improved resting metabolic rate, can persist for up to 24 hours after your workout. This means that your workout keeps working for you even long after your sweat sessions stops. However, if we don't exercise regularly, our muscle cells can lose their sensitivity to insulin. This results in higher blood sugar levels because insulin is unable to work efficiently.

The current guidelines suggest shooting for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity each week. Start small with a few extra steps each day, taking a walk on your lunch break, or going for a morning walk. If you are a social butterfly then grab a friend, enroll in a group class, or join a gym to keep you motivated. For the introverts amongst us, there are tons of Instagram or YouTube videos that can give you enough at home workout ideas to last for decades.

Less obvious factors that contribute to high blood sugar, such as stress and lack of sleep 

While it is commonly known that a poor diet and lack of exercise can lead to high blood sugar, there are also less obvious factors that can contribute to this issue. Stress and lack of sleep, for example, are two factors that can significantly impact your blood sugar levels.

Stress is a natural response to difficult situations, and it can actually be helpful in some cases.  However, chronic stress can be harmful and can lead to high blood sugar levels. When you experience stress, your body produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can increase your blood sugar levels. This is because these hormones signal your liver to release glucose into your bloodstream, providing you with energy to deal with the stressor. While this can be useful in short bursts, if you are chronically stressed, your blood sugar levels may remain elevated for extended periods, putting you at risk for complications.

Lack of sleep can also impact your blood sugar levels. When you don't get enough sleep, your body becomes less sensitive to insulin, the hormone responsible for moving glucose from your blood into your cells. This means that your body may require more insulin to lower your blood sugar levels, leading to elevated levels. Lack of sleep can also increase your body's production of cortisol, which as mentioned before, can also increase blood sugar levels.

It's important to address these less obvious factors in order to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Incorporating stress-reducing techniques such as meditation or yoga into your routine can help manage stress levels. Additionally, ensuring you are getting adequate sleep can help to regulate blood sugar levels. If these lifestyle changes don't seem to be helping, it may be worthwhile to speak with a healthcare provider to identify and address any underlying medical issues.

Medications and medical conditions that can cause high blood sugar, including steroids and thyroid disorders 

Sometimes, high blood sugar isn't solely due to lifestyle choices. Certain medications and medical conditions can also lead to elevated blood sugar levels. Understanding the relationship between these factors and high blood sugar can help individuals manage their condition and prevent further complications.

One medication that is known to raise blood sugar levels is corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation and swelling, but they can also cause a rise in blood sugar levels. These drugs can make it harder for insulin to lower blood sugar, resulting in higher blood sugar levels. It's important to talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits of corticosteroid use.

Another medical condition that can contribute to high blood sugar is hyperthyroidism. This occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormone, which can increase metabolism and cause high blood sugar levels. Treatment for hyperthyroidism typically involves medication or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

Similarly, hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid gland, can also lead to high blood sugar. When the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, it can slow down metabolism and affect how the body processes insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Treating hypothyroidism typically involves medication to replace the missing thyroid hormone.

Other medications and medical conditions that can cause high blood sugar include certain antidepressants, beta-2 stimulators, HIV medications, and pancreatitis. It's important to speak with a healthcare professional if you're concerned about the effect of medication or a medical condition on your blood sugar levels.

Overall, understanding the various factors that can contribute to high blood sugar is important for managing the condition and preventing complications. By working with a healthcare professional and making necessary lifestyle changes, individuals can keep their blood sugar levels within a healthy range.

Genetics and family history can influence blood sugar levels 

It's no secret that your genetic makeup can play a significant role in your overall health. This is particularly true when it comes to blood sugar levels.

Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of developing high blood sugar levels themselves. This is due to the presence of certain genes that make them more susceptible to the condition.

In addition, certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans are also more likely to develop high blood sugar levels due to genetic factors.

However, just because you have a genetic predisposition to high blood sugar levels doesn't mean that it's inevitable. Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, can still play a significant role in managing your blood sugar levels and preventing the onset of diabetes.

It's important to speak with your healthcare provider about your family history and any genetic risk factors you may have. This can help them determine the best course of action to manage your blood sugar levels and reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

Overall, while genetics and family history can play a role in your blood sugar levels, it's important to remember that there are still steps you can take to manage and prevent high blood sugar levels. By working closely with your healthcare provider and making healthy lifestyle choices, you can reduce your risk of developing diabetes and other related conditions.

Environmental factors may contribute to high blood sugar, such as air pollution and exposure to chemicals 

In addition to lifestyle factors like diet and exercise, there are a variety of environmental factors that can impact blood sugar levels. Exposure to air pollution, for example, has been linked to insulin resistance and higher levels of blood sugar. One study found that exposure to fine particulate matter in the air was associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Similarly, exposure to certain chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA), which is found in plastics, has also been linked to higher blood sugar levels and insulin resistance. Other chemicals like phthalates, which are found in many household products, have also been linked to higher blood sugar levels.

These environmental factors can be difficult to avoid entirely, but there are steps you can take to minimize your exposure. Choosing natural, non-toxic household products and reducing your use of plastics can help reduce your exposure to chemicals like BPA and phthalates. Avoiding areas with heavy traffic or high levels of pollution can also help reduce your exposure to air pollution.

In addition to reducing exposure, there are also steps you can take to support your body's ability to manage blood sugar levels. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help provide the nutrients your body needs to regulate blood sugar. Regular exercise can also help improve insulin sensitivity and support healthy blood sugar levels.

By taking steps to minimize environmental factors that contribute to high blood sugar levels and supporting your body's ability to regulate blood sugar, you can reduce your risk of developing conditions like type 2 diabetes and support your overall health and well-being.

The link between high blood sugar and certain diseases, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease 

High blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, can lead to a number of serious health complications if left untreated. Two of the most common diseases associated with high blood sugar are type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body is unable to properly use insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage nerves and blood vessels, leading to a host of complications including nerve damage, kidney damage, blindness, and amputation.

Heart disease is another serious complication associated with high blood sugar. Studies have shown that people with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop heart disease than those without diabetes. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels, leading to plaque buildup and narrowing of the arteries. This can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.

In addition to diabetes and heart disease, high blood sugar levels have also been linked to other health problems, including kidney disease, vision problems, and even certain types of cancer.

It's important to note that the link between high blood sugar and these diseases is not always straightforward. Other factors, such as obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, can also contribute to the development of these conditions. However, controlling blood sugar levels is an important part of managing and preventing these health problems.

If you have high blood sugar or are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes or heart disease, talk to your doctor about steps you can take to manage your blood sugar levels. This may include lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, as well as medication and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. By taking steps to manage your blood sugar, you can reduce your risk of developing serious health problems and enjoy a healthier, happier life.

Ways to manage and prevent high blood sugar, including lifestyle changes

High blood sugar levels can be managed and prevented through a combination of lifestyle changes and medication (if prescribed by your doctor). Here are some ways to keep your blood sugar levels in check:

1. Follow a healthy diet: Eating a diet that is low in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and saturated fats can help keep your blood sugar levels stable. Focus on whole foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins.
   
2. Exercise regularly: Regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and help your body use glucose more efficiently. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week. 
3. Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Losing weight through diet and exercise can help improve your blood sugar levels.
4. Manage stress: Chronic stress can cause an increase in blood sugar levels. Try stress-management techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga, to help manage your stress levels.
5. Get enough sleep: Lack of sleep can disrupt the hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. Aim for at least 7-8 hours of sleep per night.
6. Take medications as prescribed: If lifestyle changes alone are not enough to manage your blood sugar levels, your doctor may prescribe medications to help. Be sure to take them as directed and attend regular check-ups with your doctor. 

By making these lifestyle changes and working with your doctor, you can help prevent high blood sugar levels and the development of type 2 diabetes. Remember, small changes can make a big difference in your overall health.

Author: Dr. Colleen Gulick